Tag: Giza Plateau

  • The Age of the Pyramids

    The Age of the Pyramids


    The Great Pyramid of Giza, among the seven wonders of the ancient world, points towards the celestial north pole with a margin of error of only a tiny fraction of one degree.

    Dr. Kate Spence, a British Egyptologist, believes she may have solved two of the great mysteries of archaeology – how the ancient Egyptians aligned the pyramid with such remarkable geographical accuracy and when the vast royal tomb was built.

    Pointing north

    The Great Pyramid is a master of precision. Comprised of an estimated 2.5 million limestone blocks, archaeologists have known for over a century that the Great Pyramid was pointed almost exactly north, but nobody has been able to explain how the ancient Egyptians managed to align it with such unprecedented accuracy.

     

    The deviation in accuracy is minute as Dr. Spence explains:

    ‘The Great Pyramid is extremely accurately aligned towards north. The sides deviate from true north by less than three ark minutes, that’s less than a twentieth of a degree, which is extremely accurate in terms of orientation.’

    Modern astronomers would have little difficulty in finding north because the Pole Star, Polaris, is almost directly above the North Pole. But astronomers know that the Earth regularly wobbles very slowly on its axis over a period of 26,000 years and so in ancient Egyptian times there would have been no star overhead marking true north.

    The Spence theory

    Using computer simulations of the night sky as it would have been seen at the time of the Egyptians, Dr Spence, from Cambridge University, suggests that the ancient Egyptians carefully monitored two stars which revolve in the northern region of the night sky.

    The north-finding stars were Kochab, in the bowl of the Little Dipper (Ursa Minor), and Mizar, in the middle of the handle of The Plough or Big Dipper (Ursa Major). Dr Spence says that the ancient Egyptians realised that when one was directly above the other then the line between the two-marked true north.

    Dr Spence speculates that these astronomical calculations were made at special ceremonies early in a pharaoh’s reign and that construction work would then begin on the pyramids to house their tombs. She explains:

    ‘What would probably have happened is that the king would have dressed in his ceremonial gear, and there would probably have been priests dressed as gods who would begin stretching chords and marking out the base. It would have been a highly charged religious atmosphere, taking place in the dark, at night, with torches everywhere. It would have been a spectacular ceremony.’

    The ancient Egyptians fascination with the night sky is well known. Believing that the Gods lived in the Duat, an afterworld in the sky, the pharoahs who were responsible for the construction of the pyramid at Giza, would have associated the stars with eternity and afterlife.

    Dating the pyramids

    In the past the date of the ancient Egyptian pyramids has been a source of much debate among historians, who have put it at around the middle of the third millennium BC, by tracing the chronology of Kings. However, publishing her research in the scientific journal Nature, Dr Spence says her theory gives a more precise date for the beginning of construction work on the Great Pyramid.

    The celestial north pole was only aligned exactly with Kochab and Mizar in 2, 467 BC, which would put the beginning of building work about 70 years later than many archaeologists, have previously thought.

    Dr Owen Gingerich, Senior Astronomer, at the Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics said Dr Spence’s theory is an ingenious and convincing astronomical solution to a long-standing mystery. He comments:

    ‘I was rather tickled to see the solution that she had put forward and wondered why nobody else had thought of it before, because I think it makes a lot of sense and it has an internal coherence.’

    Source:
    BBC World Service, Science and Technology,
     The Stargazers of Ancient Egypt


    How Old are the Pyramids?

    by JOSEPH JOCHMANS

    The controversy raised by John Anthony West and Robert Schoch concerning the true age of the Great Sphinx is now beginning to overcast the other famous monuments which share space on the Giza plateau—namely, the three pyramids that were supposedly built by Pharaohs Khufu, Khafre and Menkhare in the Fourth Dynasty. Were these Pyramids constructed only 4,300 years ago, or—like the Sphinx—is there evidence they could be far older, dating instead to perhaps 12,000 years ago?

    Let’s begin first with looking at the age of the Great Pyramid. The conservative historians’ entire case for dating the Great Pyramid to the Fourth Dynasty rests upon two major pieces of evidence. The first is the story of Herodotus, who in 443 B.C. visited Egypt and recounted how Pharaoh Cheops (the Greek name for Khufu) built the Great Pyramid during his reign with 100,000 men in 20 years. However, we now know this story is highly questionable. Even his contemporaries called Herodotus the “Father of Lies.” Not only do the construction estimates he gave not work, but Herodotus, as an Initiate in the Egyptian Mystery Schools, was sworn to secrecy regarding the true nature of the Pyramid, and he more than likely copied a fictitious tale about the monument that was then in circulation among the common masses. The Greek historian’s account stands in sharp contrast to most other Egyptian, Hebrew, Greek, Roman, Hermetic, Coptic and medieval Arabic scholarly sources which agree that the Great Pyramid was not constructed during the time frame of Pharaoh Khufu or Dynastic Egypt, but was the product of the “Age of the Gods” thousands of years earlier.

    The second piece of evidence is the existence of painted hieroglyphic inscriptions found in the air space chambers above the King’s Chamber, which include the name of Pharaoh Khufu. They were supposedly discovered by Col. Richard Howard-Vyse in 1837, when he forced his way up to these chambers using gunpowder. But there are certain facts showing these inscriptions were in actuality forgeries.

    Actually, we have the testament of Pharaoh Khufu himself that he only did repair work on the Great Pyramid. The Inventory Stele, found in 1857 by Auguste Mariette just to the east of the Pyramid, dates to about 1500 B.C., but according to Maspero and other experts, shows evidence of having been copied from a far older stele contemporaneous with the Fourth Dynasty. In the Stele, Khufu himself tells of his discoveries made while clearing away the sands from the Pyramid and Sphinx. He dedicated the account to Isis, who he called the “Mistress of the Western Mountain,” “Mistress of the Pyramid,” and identified the Pyramid itself as the “House of Isis.”

    The Stele describes how Pharaoh Khufu, “gave to her (Isis) an offering anew, and he built again (to restore, renovate, reconstruct) her temple of stone.” From there, the Pharaoh inspected the Sphinx, according to the text, and related the story of how in his time both the monument and a nearby sycamore tree had been struck by lightning. The bolt had knocked off part of the headdress of the Sphinx, which Khufu carefully restored. Egyptologist Selim Hassan, who dug out the Sphinx from the surrounding sands in the 1930’s, observed there is indeed evidence that portions of the Sphinx were damaged by lightning, and the mark of ancient repairs is very apparent. Also, he noted, sycamore trees once grew to the south of the monument, which had been dated to a great age.

    The Stele then ends with the story of how Khufu built small pyramids for himself and his daughters, wife and family, next to the Great Pyramid. Today, the ruins of three small pyramids are indeed situated on the east side of the monument. Archaeologists have found independent evidence that the southernmost of the three small pyramids flanking the Great Pyramid was in fact dedicated to Henutsen, a wife of Khufu. Everything in the inscription thus matches the known facts. If these facts can be believed as true, then the additional information that Khufu was only a restorer of the Great Pyramid and not its builder, must also be treated as historically true.


    ANCIENT LEGENDS AND MODERN RESEARCH CONFIRM EACH OTHER

    When we look at mythic history for the story of the origins of the Great Pyramid, we discover that the monument was not attributed to any Pharaoh, but was the product of the genius and higher learning of the Gods of Old. Time and time again, from the Roman Marcellinus to the Coptic Al Masudi and the Arab Ibn Abd Alhokim, the recounters of the ancient legends tell how the Pyramid was built to preserve the knowledge of a magnificent civilization from destruction by a Flood, and that it was this Flood which brought the Age of the Gods to its tragic end. The various Chronologies of Legendary Rulers place a minimum date for the Age of the Gods as circa 10,000 B.C. This is the time frame Plato, in his Timaeus and Critias, ascribed the destruction of Atlantis. And it is also this date, as can be proven in modern scientific studies, which was highlighted by major climatic, geologic and geomagnetic disturbances, accompanied by massive paleo-biological extinctions in the planet, marking the division point between the Ice Age and the Present Era.

    In Egypt, geologists examining the fossil record have found that the combined effect of melting glaciers in the Mountains of the Moon, plus a sharp rise in precipitation levels in Central Africa, caused the Nile river circa 10,000 B.C. to swell in size a thousandfold, eroding away cliff walls miles from its present banks, and washing out its entire valley throughout the length of Egypt. At the same time, as the Mediterranean Sea began to fill and rise due to higher ocean levels from melting northern glaciers, its waters for a brief period also flooded the lower Nile valley.

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    These, geologists are certain, are the last major flood events in Egypt’s fossil history, before the sea retreated and the Nile settled down to today’s relatively peaceful, winding flow. Yet, knowing this, geologists are hard pressed to explain why there existed a fourteen-foot layer of silt sediment around the base of the Pyramid, a layer which also contained many seashells, and the fossil of a sea cow, all of which were dated by radiocarbon methods to 11,600 B.P. (Before Present) plus or minus 300 years.

    Legends and records likewise speak of the fact that, before the Arabs removed the Pyramid’s outer casing stones, one could see water marks on the stones halfway up the Pyramid’s height, in about the 240-foot level, which would be 400 feet above the present Nile level. The medieval Arab historian Al Biruni, writing in his treatise The Chronology of Ancient Nations, noted: “The Persians and the great mass of Magians relate that the inhabitants of the west, when they were warned by their sages, constructed buildings of the King and the Giza Pyramids. The traces of the water of the Deluge and the effects of the waves are still visible on these pyramids halfway up, above which the water did not rise.” Add to this the observation made when the Pyramid was first opened, that incrustations of salt an inch thick were found inside. Most of this salt is natural exudation from the chambered rock wall, but chemical analysis also shows some of the salt has a mineral content consistent with salt from the sea. Thus, during the prehistoric Flood, when waters surrounded the Great Pyramid, the known and unknown entrances leaked, allowing seawater into the interior, which later evaporated and left the salts behind. The locations where the salts are found are consistent with the monument having been submerged half-way up its height.

    If the floodings of 10,000 B.C. were the last major catastrophic water events in Egypt, and the Pyramid exhibits signs of having been subjected to them, it means the Pyramid must date from a period before the flooding occurred.

    Though most Egyptologists today have yet to accept such a necessary “radical” revision of their dating of the Pyramid, there have been other discoveries that have forced them to at least realize that their preconceived theories of any early Dynastic age for the structure is no longer tenable.

    In 1983 and 1984, prehistorian Robert J. Wenke from the University of Washington, and president of the American Research Center in Egypt, was given permission to collect mortar samples from various ancient construction sites, including the Great Pyramid and the Sphinx Temple. The mortar contained particles of charcoal, insect matter, pollen, and other organic materials which could be subjected for carbon-14 dating analysis. Using two different radiocarbon dating laboratories—the Institute for the Study of Man at Southern Methodist University, and the Institute of Medium Energy Physics in Zurich—the samples revealed a number of curiosities. For the Great Pyramid samples, the tests performed at the two labs initially gave very different clusterings of dates, off by several thousands of years. When certain “adjustments” in the data were applied, the resulting time frame narrowed to 3100 B.C. to 2850 B.C.—which is still 400 years earlier than when most Egyptologists believe the Great Pyramid was built. Even more anomalous, the dates obtained from mortar used near the top of the Pyramid were a thousand years older than those obtained from mortar nearer the Pyramid base. The researchers, if they were to fully believe these findings, would have to propose that the Pyramid had somehow been built from the top down.

    What makes the datings further unacceptable is that all of them were taken from areas of previously exposed surfaces. We know from such sources as the Inventory Stele that the Giza monuments were time and time again subjected to many reconstructions and repair work, inside and out. Therefore the radiocarbon dates can only give us clues as to when the time frame was for the repair work, not the actual construction of the Great Pyramid. If the dates are to be believed at all, they at least tell us that reconstruction work was done on the monument in a time period long before the “accepted” building was done, which means the Pyramid itself must be from an even earlier period, farther distant in the past.


    WERE THE THREE GIZA PYRAMIDS MODELS FOR EGYPT’S “PYRAMID AGE”?

    Expanding our sphere of inquiry to now include all three of the Giza Pyramids, we find that an interesting historical conundrum arises regarding their “accepted” construction. If, as conservative scholars surmise, the three Giza Pyramids were built in the Fourth Dynasty by the succession of three Pharaohs—Khufu, Khafre and Menkhare— what we find regarding the sizes of the three pyramids in association with the three reigns is inconsistent with what we would have expected to have happened.

    First, Khufu ruled and supposedly constructed the Great Pyramid. Khafre followed Khufu, and in order to be politically and religiously “correct,” we would have expected him to have erected a pyramid larger than Khufu’s. To do otherwise would have seriously reflected on his being inferior to his predecessor. Generally speaking, a ruler could not afford for his people to think that their Pharaoh was weaker in power and less blessed by the gods and goddesses than the ruler before him.

    After Khafre, Menkhare next took the throne of Egypt, and in order to be in continued good political and religious form, we would have expected him to build the largest pyramid of all, dwarfing those of Khufu and Khafre in order to make sure he was not to be outshone by either of his predecessors.

    Yet what we find at Giza is exactly opposite the expected scenario: Supposedly Khufu constructed the largest pyramid, Khafre built his slightly smaller than Khufu’s, and Menkhare erected a pyramid only a third the size of the other two.

    If what actually happened contradicts what should have happened if the three Giza pyramids were built in the Fourth Dynasty, then this can only mean that something is fundamentally wrong with the accepted scenario.

    Instead of the three Pharaohs building the three Giza pyramids, what if the pyramids were already present, old with age, and in the Fourth Dynasty the three succeeding rulers simply claimed possession of the structures, doing repair work on them, and building only the minor subsidiary pyramids around them for themselves and their families—just as the Inventory Stele describes Khufu did. What would we expect would have happened?

    Khufu, first on the scene, would naturally have laid claim to the largest pyramid for himself, or the Great Pyramid. His successor, Khafre, now left with only two pyramids to choose from, would have taken possession of the second largest. Menkhare, the last to reign, would have had to be content with the last pyramid available, the smallest of the three.

    Such a scenario best fits the actual facts, for this is exactly the succession of pyramids the Pharaoh had jurisdiction over, each in their turn. Clearly, what this suggests is the Giza pyramids came first, then the Pharaohs ruled, not the other way around.

    According to conservative scholars, the Giza Three were supposed to represent the “height of accomplishment” in the Egyptian age of pyramid building, from the Third to the Thirteenth Dynasties, 2700 to 1800 B.C. But if the Giza Pyramids are in reality 12,000 years old, then they instead must have served as the models the Dynastic Egyptians repeatedly tried to copy and emulate. If we recognize this greater antiquity for the Giza Three, then many mysteries surrounding the design and construction of Egypt’s other pyramids find their solutions.

    The conservative view purports that the early pyramids along the Nile developed by stages of “evolution.” Initially, in the First and Second Dynasties, from circa 3200 to 2800 B.C., the Pharaohs were buried in mastabas, which were rectangular-shaped structures with walls sloping inward, built over underground vaults. What has baffled archaeologists is that each of the first kings of Egypt had not one but two such mastabas, at Abydos, and at Saqqara. One of these served as a cenotaph, or an empty tomb in honor of the royal person. The reason for this early practice is still a puzzle to scholars, not yet solved.

    However, we know from ancient records that the peoples of the ancient world at one time had knowledge of the existence of the known entrance to the Great Pyramid, and they left evidence, in the form of torch soot and graffiti on the walls, that they penetrated as far as the Descending Passage and Pit Chamber. The Second and Third Pyramids also possess passages and empty chambers deep beneath their foundations. Did the early Pharaohs, in studying the design of the Giza Pyramids standing silently before them on the Nile, imitate the empty Pyramid chambers in the building of their second royal tombs, believing the empty chambers had a special spiritual significance they wished to emulate?

    In the Third Dynasty, beginning about 2780 B.C., Pharaoh Zoser undertook to build a mastaba for himself as had his predecessors, but then decided to go several steps further. Two more mastaba structures were constructed on top of the first in step fashion, and finally, these in turn were incorporated as one side of a six-tiered pyramid. The development of this curious structure—today called the Step Pyramid, and located at Saqqara—indicates that Zoser was attempting to copy or duplicate a particular image. The pyramid does resemble a Sumerian ziggurat, or “holy mountain,” except that unlike the ziggurat Zoser’s structure possessed no sanctuary at its apex, and had a system of internal tunnels and chambers. The only structures which come close to being models for Zoser’s work are the Giza Pyramids.

    Significantly—and again in imitation of the Giza monuments—Zoser was not buried in his Step Pyramid. The foot of a mummy thought to have belonged to Zoser was found in one chamber, but the wrappings proved to be from a period much later than the Third Dynasty. All in all, a total of sixty mummies were found in and around the Step Pyramid, but these have been dated to the Saitic or Late Period, in the first millennium B.C. Zoser’s tomb has been identified as located at Bet Khalaif, and no pyramid structure was found associated with it.

    Following Zoser, his successor, Pharaoh Sekhemket, attempted to build a pyramid, but it appears never to have been completed, and today is only a mass of rubble. However, archaeologists did find at the bottom of a shaft below the structure a sealed alabaster sarcophagus. When the sarcophagus was opened, it was found to be completely empty, mirroring the state the Stone Box was found in, in the Great Pyramid.

    The one ruler who by far was the most ambitious pyramid builder of the Third Dynasty was Pharaoh Senefru. He constructed three monuments, and there is every reason to believe he attempted to duplicate the feat of the three Giza Pyramids. He came close, for his pyramids contained two-thirds as much stone, covered 90 percent as much area, and were built with comparable speed as the Giza structures. The one obvious difference is their building design and masonry were very crude, when examined alongside the work done in the Giza area.

    It is in the period immediately following Senefru, at the beginning of the Fourth Dynasty, that we are supposed to believe that Egyptian architects somehow miraculously overcame all their construction shortcomings, and developed the quantum leap of techniques for advanced building that went into the making of the Giza Pyramids. But the Giza monuments, however, stand out above all the rest of the pyramids in Egypt in many unique ways, clearly showing they were not related to the other Egyptian pyramids in time or construction.

    First, only the Great Pyramid and (from what is known from legend and esoteric literature) the other two Giza Pyramids have chambers in their upper interior—all the rest possess only a lower chamber or chambers near the foundation. These are copies of the pit chambers in the Giza Pyramids. The Dynastic Egyptians, not knowing of the secret chambers higher up, had no precedent for including these in their own pyramids.

    Second, only the Giza Three are accurately aligned to true north, which is indicative of a very sophisticated science of Earth measurement and construction—elements exhibited in no other pyramid.

    Third, only the Giza monuments were built with a high degree of accuracy—this precision, coupled with the apparent mastery of large, multi-ton stone construction, is what allowed the Giza Pyramids to reach their gigantic size, the largest in Egypt. In the Second and Third Pyramids the construction blocks are often not as massive or as finely positioned as they are seen in the Great Pyramid, but they are precise enough to place them in an entirely different category from all other structures along the Nile.

    Fourth, the Giza monuments were built using construction designs totally alien to any other pyramid form. As William R. Fix, in Pyramid Odyssey observed: “Because the other pyramids consist of much smaller blocks, they were built as a series of shells with multiple internal retaining walls to give cohesiveness. The three large Giza Pyramids do not have these internal casings. The very size of the blocks produces the necessary stability. This characteristic reveals a general excellence of workmanship and also imply a much higher technological capability than that employed anywhere else..

    And fifth, unlike any pyramid supposedly built either before or after the Giza Three, none of the Giza monuments contain religious symbols or pictures in any of their inner chambers.

    According to conservative scholars, the Giza Pyramids were built by the Fourth Dynasty Pharaohs Khufu, Khafre and Menkhare, as tombs. Yet not one of their bodies was found in any of them. The King’s Chamber in the Great Pyramid was discovered to be completely empty upon its opening, its Stone Box sealed but vacant. In the Belzoni Chamber, beneath the Second Pyramid, a stone box was found like the one in the Great Pyramid, but it too contained no corpse. In 1878, a sarcophagus with a mummy inside was brought to light in the Third Pyramid. Though both the sarcophagus and mummy were lost at sea during their transport to the British Museum, samples had been taken from them, and when later analyzed by radiocarbon dating techniques, they were found to be from a fairly late date, only 2,000 to 2,500 years ago.

    It is becoming increasingly apparent that the three Pharaohs who are thought to have built the Giza Pyramids instead simply claimed the monuments as their own, having given up on the idea of attempting to duplicate the structures, as Senefru had tried but failed to do before them. There are several subsidiary pyramids around the Giza Three which were probably built by the Pharaohs, and today are almost in total ruins because of their greatly inferior construction. According to ancient stelae and legends, the Pharaohs also made repairs on the Pyramids—but had nothing to do with their actual construction.

    With Menkhare came the end of the Fourth Dynasty, and at the beginning of the Fifth Dynasty we are supposed to believe, according to the historians, that the Egyptians suddenly reverted back to the same old methods of design and greatly inferior construction techniques as seen in the pyramids prior to the Fourth Dynasty. The first Pharaoh, Shepeskaf, actually built nothing more than a mastaba for his burial place. He was then followed by Userkaf, whose pyramid was so badly made it today is only a heap of debris. Sahure, Nieswerre and Neferirkare came next, and between them at Abu Sir they attempted to erect three pyramids (again duplicating Giza), but these in no way approached the size or grandeur of the Giza Three, and today are nothing more than broken piles. The same can be said for the monuments of the Sixth through the Thirteenth Dynasties, after which pyramid building for the most part came to an end. In all, 23 major pyramids were erected following the Fourth Dynasty and in each single case, the work on them was done hastily, with little care of precision, and using blocks that were no more than roughly squared boulders. We may well ask, if the Giza Pyramids, in all their excellence, were supposedly built in the Fourth Dynasty, what happened to the advanced knowledge seen in their design and construction—why was it never used again, in not a single later pyramid?

    Author William R. Fix concluded: “The many fundamental differences between the major Giza monuments and the rest of Egypt’s pyramids indicates that they do not fit into the contended chronology for dynastic Egypt. But if they do not belong to dynastic Egypt, there is only one direction in which they can be moved-not forward, but back into the past.”

    In truth, the Giza Pyramids were not an integral part of the evolutionary development of the Egyptian pyramids. Instead, they were there from the very beginning, the motivation and influence which spurred the building of the Dynastic pyramids along the Nile.

    The source of the above article by Joseph Robert Jochmans is available at
    http://www.atlantisrising.com/issue8/ar8pyramids.html


    Edgar Cayce – Great Pyramid and Sphinx Reading from 1932

    READING 5748-6. This Reading given by Edgar Cayce July 1st 1932.

    1. EC: Much has been written respecting that represented in the Great Pyramid, and the record that may be read by those who would seek to know more concerning the relationships that have existed, that may exist, that do exist, between those of the Creative Forces that are manifest in the material world. As indicated, there were periods when a much closer relationship existed, or rather should it be said, there was a much better understanding OF the relationship that EXISTS between the creature and the Creator.

    2. In those conditions that are signified in the way through the pyramid, as of periods through which the world has passed and is passing, as related to the religious or the spiritual experiences of man – the period of the present is represented by the low passage or depression showing a downward tendency, as indicated by the variations in the character of stone used. This might be termed in the present as the Cruciatarian Age, or that in which preparations are being made for the beginning of a new sub-race, or a change, which – as indicated from the astronomical or numerical conditions – dates from the latter portion or middle portion of the present fall [1932]. In October there will be a period in which the benevolent influences of Jupiter and Uranus will be stronger, which – from an astrological viewpoint – will bring a greater interest in occult or mystic influences.

    3. At the correct time accurate imaginary lines can be drawn from the opening of the great Pyramid to the second star in the Great Dipper, called Polaris or the North Star. This indicates it is the system toward which the soul takes it flight after having completed its sojourn through this solar system. In October there will be seen the first variation in the position of the polar star in relation to the lines from the Great Pyramid. The dipper is gradually changing, and when this change becomes noticeable – as might be calculated from the Pyramid – there will be the beginning of the change in the races. There will come a greater influx of souls from the Atlantean, Lemurian, La, Ur or Da civilizations. These conditions are indicated in this turn in the journey through the pyramid. 4. How was this begun? Who was given that this should be a record of man’s experiences in this root race? for that is the period covered by the prophecies in the pyramid. This was given to Ra and Hermes in that period during the reign of Araaraart when there were many who sought to bring to man a better understanding of the close relationship between the Creative Forces and that created, between man and man, and man and his Maker.

    5. Only those who have been called may truly understand. Who then has been called? Whosoever will make himself a channel may be raised to that of a blessing that is all that entity-body is able to comprehend. Who, having his whole measure full, would desire more does so to his own undoing.

    6. (Q) What are the correct interpretations of the indications in the Great Pyramid regarding the time when the present depression will end?
    (A) The changes as indicated and outlined are for the latter part of the present year [1932]. As far as depression is concerned, this is not – as in the minds of many – because fear has arisen, but rather that, when fear has arisen in the hearts of the created, SIN lieth at the door. Then, the change will occur – or that seeking will make the definite change – in the latter portion of the present year. Not that times financially will be better, but the minds of the people will be fitted to the conditions better.

    7. (Q) What was the date of the actual beginning and ending of the construction of the Great Pyramid?
    (A) Was one hundred years in construction. Begun and completed in the period of Araaraart’s time, with Hermes and Ra.

    8. (Q) What was the date B.C. of that period?
    (A) 10,490 to 10,390 before the Prince entered into Egypt.

    9. (Q) What definite details are indicated as to what will happen after we enter the period of the King’s Chamber?
    (A) When the bridegroom is at hand, all do rejoice. When we enter that understanding of being in the King’s presence, with that of the mental seeking, the joy, the buoyancy, the new understanding, the new life, through the period.

    10. (Q) What is the significance of the empty sarcophagus?
    (A) That there will be no more death. Don’t misunderstand or misinterpret! but the INTERPRETATION of death will be made plain.

    11. (Q) If the Armageddon is foretold in the Great Pyramid, please give a description of it and the date of its beginning and ending.
    (A) Not in what is left there. It will be as a thousand years, with the fighting in the air, and – as has been – between those returning to and those leaving the earth.

    12. (Q) What will be the type and extent of the upheaval in ’36?
    (A) The wars, the upheavals in the interior of the earth, and the shifting of same by the differentiation in the axis as respecting the positions from the Polaris center.

    13. (Q) Is there not a verse of scripture in Isaiah mentioning the rock on which the great pyramid is builded?
    (A) Not as we find; rather the rock on which John VIEWED the New Jerusalem – that is, as of the entering in the King’s Chamber in the Pyramid.

    14. (Q) What is the date, as recorded by the Pyramid, of entering in the King’s Chamber?
    (A) ’38 to ’58.

    15. (Q) If the Passion of Jesus is recorded in the Great Pyramid, please give the date according to our present system of recording time?
    (A) This has already been presented in a fair and equitable manner through those students of same, and these descriptions have been presented as to their authenticity.

    16. (Q) How was this particular Great Pyramid of Gizeh built?
    (A) By the use of those forces in nature as make for iron to swim. Stone floats in the air in the same manner. This will be discovered in ’58.

    17. (Q) What is the significance of the character of the figure of the Sphinx, mentioned above?
    (A) In this particular period of Araaraart and of the priest (that began those understandings – and passed through those of the hell in the misinterpretation of same), there was even then the seeking through those channels that are today called archaeological research.

    In those periods when the first change had come in the position of the land, there had been an egress of peoples – or THINGS, as would be called today – from the Atlantean land, when the Nile (of Nole, then) emptied into what is now the Atlantic Ocean, on the Congo end of the country. What is now as the Sahara was a fertile land, a city that was builded in the edge of the land, a city of those that worshipped the sun – for the use of its rays were used for supplying from the elements that which is required in the present to be grown through a season; or the abilities to use both those of introgression and retrogression – and mostly retrograded, as we are in the present.

    The beginnings of these mounds were as an interpretation of that which was crustating in the land. (See, most of the people had tails then!) In those beginnings these were left. When there was the entrance of Arart and Araaraart, they begin to build upon those mounds which were discovered through research. With the storehouse, or record house (where the records are still to be uncovered), there is a chamber or passage from the right forepaw to this entrance of the record chamber, or record tomb. This may not be entered without an understanding, for those that were left as guards may NOT be passed until after a period of their regeneration in the Mount, or the fifth root race begins. In the building of the pyramid, and that which is now called the Mystery of Mysteries [the Sphinx], this was intended to be a MEMORIAL – as would be termed today – to that counsellor who ruled or governed, or who acted in the capacity of the director in the MATERIAL things in the land.

    With the return of the priest (as it had been stopped), this was later – by Isis, the queen, or the daughter of Ra – turned so as to present to those peoples in that land the relationships of man and the animal or carnal world with those changes that fade or fall away in their various effect. These may be seen in a different manner presented in many of the various sphinxes, as called, in other portions of the land – as the lion with the man, the various forms of wing, or characterizations in their various developments. These were as presentations of those projections that had been handed down in their various developments of that which becomes man – as in the present.

    18. We are through.


     

  • The Ancient Egyptian ET Connection

    The Ancient Egyptian ET Connection


    Whilst we were visiting various Egyptology sites recently we came across this picture that was taken inside the Tomb of Ptah-Hotep, at Saqqara, Egypt, which dates back to the 5th Dynasty.

    Ptah-hotep served during the reign of Izezi as a sage. His maxims are in the Prisse Papyrus which are in the Louvre. Izezi was the eighth king of the 5th Dynasty and ruled Egypt from 2388 till 2356 BC.

    The picture shows servants offering food to the Egyptian sage and Philosopher Ptah-Hotep (who is sat at a table to the left of this part of the picture).

    We were flabbergasted to say the least when we took a closer look at this image and could make out an ‘alien grey’ in the bottom of the picture! Does this prove that the building and placement of the Pyramids were aided by alien intelligence?

    We have only been able to find the three images of this picture that you see here and have learned that this particular wall mural does not appear in any official guidebooks!… I wonder why? This same mural is in an old book called ‘In The Shadow Of The Pyramids – Egypt during the Old Kingdom’.

    The implications of the discovery of this ancient stone picture that includes the alien are absolutely huge! and could be one of the most important clues to alien intervention into our ancient history ever made!

    We have included an enlargement of ‘The Grey’. This picture could explain why the Egyptians appeared to be so technically advanced, and how they were able to build the Pyramids with such precision. For instance the coffin in The Great Pyramid was cut so accurately that we
    could not even recreate a similar coffin out of rock today –  even with our laser technology!

    It also ties in with the Egyptians infatuation with Orion. The three Pyramids at Giza have been proven to line up exactly with ‘the belt’ in the constellation of Orion (Discovered  by Graham Hancock and Robert Bauval). We also have to remember that Betelgeuse, which is a star in the Orion constellation has been suggested in ancient history as the home planet of aliens that have visited Earth.

    You may have seen this picture before. These images were found on the ceiling beams of the 3000 year old New Kingdom Temple — specifically dedicated to the chief god of the Egyptian pantheon, Osiris. located several hundred miles south of Cairo and the Giza Plateau, at Abydos. As you can see, images of a helicopter, submarine, plane and hovercraft are depicted! Again this piece of ancient art seems to suggest that the Egyptians knew about the latest technology that we are using today. 

    6 wooden gliders were found in one of the Pyramids at Saqqara.

    Although 5 of them have been destroyed, one does exist in the Late Dynastic Room at the Egyptian museum in Cairo amongst the wooden bird collection.

    Some readers believe that this could be a bird, but birds do not have tails that fan sideways.

    The release of the image on Mars in recent times that show the image of Nefertiti, the Egyptian Princess also strengthens the link between ancient Egypt and alien civilisations.

    Lets not forget about the Cydonia region on Mars that include ‘The Face On Mars, The D & M Pyramids (that also are placed to line up with Orions belt) and other Mars anomalies that are related to Egyptology!

    It seems that Egypt is not the only place that has been visited by Aliens in ancient times.

    This plate called ‘The Lolladoff plate’ is a 12,000 year old stone dish found in Nepal. It clearly shows a disk shaped UFO (top of pic).

    There is also a figure on the disc looking remarkably similar to a Grey.

    This picture was discovered by us recently in a book called ‘Life and Death of a Pharaoh – Tutankhamen’ by Christiane Desroches-Noblecourt, published by World Books in 1963.

    It is allegedly of a seven or eight month old unborn child, but certainly looks very different to that in our opinion. For instance, look at the length of the fingers! they are extremely long, unlike those of an infant just about to be born, or an adult human for that matter. Also look at the shape of the head and the large eyes… are you getting the picture yet? 

    The paragraph that accompanies the picture reads as follows: ‘Two small coffins, bearing Tutankhamen’s name and laid head to foot and side by side in a plain chest, contained the mummies of two seven or eight month foetuses, one of them probably female (pictured). It does not seem possible that in the midst of such a special collection of objects a place should have been set aside for two supposedly still-born children of Tutankhamun and Ankhesenamun.

    Why should such royal children, dying before their father, be buried in his tomb? There is nothing to confirm or to invalidate such a hypothesis, but the pattern of the archaic delta ritual invites one to consider the little mummies as the equivalents of the two placental (khonsu) images in Horemheb’s tomb, which contained remnants of burial furnishings specifically connected with the delta ritual, as did the ravaged tombs of Amenophis II and Tuthmosis IV.’ 

    We have recently managed to track down a rare picture of not only the other mummified foetus, but the two bodies together in one picture! The two bodies look completely different. What is even stranger is that the foetus at the top of the picture is supposed to be
    fully developed and yet the one pictured below is supposed to be 5 months premature? The premature baby is nearly 4 inches longer than the fully developed one? How can this be?

    The wall mural that is pictured to the left resides in a temple in the goldmines of Kush. Notice the rocket and figures standing by it!


  • 1995: Rare Great Pyramid Data

    1995: Rare Great Pyramid Data


    Compiled by Tim G. Hunkler

    References are denoted as [nn:pp] where “nn” is a document number and “pp” is the page.
    {text in curly braces are editors notes, comments, and calculations}


    CUSTOM UNITS OF MEASURE

    [11:149] – The American inch = 25.400508001 mm and the British inch = 25.399978 mm.

    [11:150] – The sacred Jewish, or pyramid, inch = 1.001081 American inch = 1.00106 British inch.
    [14:2] – The pyramid inch “PI” = 1.0011 present inches, and 1.0010846752 British inches [4:164]
    [11:151] – Use of the pyramid inch is attributed to Sir Isaac Newton, who discovered that many of the measurements of the pyramid would be in whole numbers if this unit were used.
    [14:6] – The English inch was originally the same as the pyramid inch during the time of Queen Elizabeth.
    [14:1] – The pyramid or “sacred” cubit = 25 pyramid inches.
    [4:255] – The mean density of the earth is about 5.7 times that of water at 68 degrees F. and a barometric pressure of 30.00 PI of mercury.
    [4:255] – All of the courses of masonry in the King’s Chamber have 23 or more stones, except the 5th course, which has only 7 (5,7 -> 5.7).
    [4:257] – The Pyramid Pint is 28.5 (5 * 5.7) cubic pyramid inches of water.
    [4:257] – The Pyramid Pound is 5 cubic pyramid inches of earth matter of average density.
    [4:257] – A Pyramid Pint weighs one Pyramid Pound.
    [4:257] – A Pyramid Ton is 2500 Pyramid Pints or 2500 x 5 cubic pyramid inches of average density earth matter. {(12500 cubic PI) * (1.003246507 cu inch / cubic PI) * (90.620464 gram / cu inch) * (1 kg / 1000 grams) = 1136.4333 kg}
    [4:257] – A cubic pyramid cubit of average density earth matter weighs 1.25 Pyramid Tons. {(25 x 25 x 25 cubic PI / 1 cubic pyramid cubit) * (Pyramid Ton / 2500 x 5 cubic PI) = 1.25 Pyramid Ton / cubic Cubit}
    [4:257] – The coffer in the King’s Chamber has a volume equal to 1 Pyramid Ton.
    [4:116] – The Pyramid Mile is 2917.46356+ cubits or 6084.6418 ft. {mile = 5280 ft., British nautical mile = 6080 ft.}


    CONSTRUCTION AND DIMENSIONS [18:xiii] To date, archaeologists have located 98 pyramids in Egypt, all of which are located on the West Bank of the Nile. None on East side.
    [18:245] – The Great Pyramid has been dated as circa 2770 B.C.
    [11:161] – The pyramid was built in 2623 B.C.
    [68:35] – The pyramid was built circa 2450 B.C. according to star alignment data for the 4 air shafts of the King and Queen’s chambers.
    [14:75] – At the time the pyramid was built there was no written language (only hieroglyphics).
    [11:150] – The pyramid is the most comprehensively surveyed building in the world.
    [14:70] – The Giza Plateau has a fairly level granite bedrock base, in essence, a flat topped mountain. Other regions near the Great Pyramid could not have supported the immense weight of the structure.
    [70:68] – The Great Pyramid is at the northern edge of the Giza plateau and close to the cliff there. Much of the rubble and debris from construction was dumped over the cliff and actually acts to strengthen the cliff from crumbling due to the tremendous weight and closeness of the Great Pyramid.
    [14:40] – There is so much stone mass in the pyramid that the interior temperature is constant and equals the average temperature of the earth, 68 degrees Fahrenheit.
    [14:60] – The pyramid is estimated to have 2,300,000 stone blocks weighing from 2-30 tons each with some weighing as much as 70 tons.{conflicts with [5:20]}
    [5:20] – Computer calculations indicate 590,712 stone blocks used in construction.
    [11:143] – Two types of limestone were used for construction. A soft limestone either pure or nummulitic was used for the bulk of the core blocks and a hard white limestone for the mantle. Hard limestone becomes more polished with age.
    [11:139] – The base of the pyramid covers 13.6 acres with each side greater than 5 acres in area.
    [14:76] – The outer mantle was composed of 144,000 casing stones, all highly polished and flat to an accuracy of 1/100th of an inch, about 100 inches thick and weighing about 15 tons each with nearly perfect right angles for all six sides. [11:146]
    [5:52] – Computer calculations indicated 40,745 casing stones were used averaging 40 tons each before the face angle was cut.
    [18:71] – The average casing stone on the lowest level was 5 ft. long by 5 ft. high by 6 ft. deep and weighed 15 tons.
    [14:78] – The casing stones weighing as much as 20 tons were placed with an accuracy of 5/1000ths of an inch, and an intentional gap of about 2/100ths of an inch for mortar.
    [5:52] – Assuming 590,712 blocks and a build time of 20 years an average of 81 blocks per day would need to be placed. Using 10 work crews per side of the pyramid, each work crew would need to place 2 block per day.
    [14:79] – The mortar used is of an unknown origin. It has been analyzed and it’s chemical composition is known but it can’t be reproduced. It is stronger than the stone and still holding up today.
    [14:74] – The cornerstone foundations of the pyramid have ball and socket construction capable of dealing with heat expansion and earthquakes.
    [4:5] – The four corner sockets are at different heights. The vertical distance between the highest and lowest is 17 inches. The reference point known as the “mean socket level”, or base level, is generally used as the reference for height and perimeter measurements.
    [4:5] – The “sidereal socket level” is the mean of just the SW and SE socket heights.
    [11:151] – The length of a base is 9131 PI from corner to corner in a straight line.
    [4:5] – The length of a base side at the base socket level is 9131 pyramid inches or 365.24 pyramid cubits.
    [4:5] – The length of a base side at sidereal socket level is 9131.4 pyramid inches or 365.256+ pyramid cubits.
    [4:7] – The length of the perimeter at the sidereal socket level is 36525.63629+ pyramid inches.
    [4:9] – 201 complete courses of masonry remain with remnants of 2 more at the summit. The top surface is 5478 pyramid inches above the mean socket level. Another 335 pyramid inches higher is the geometric apex formed by the corner edges of the projected mantle.
    [70:151] – The 35th course of stones is roughly 50 inches tall, nearly twice the height of the previous courses. The height of the 35th course = 1162.6 PI from ground or the length of the Antechamber x 10.
    [4:10] – The capstone is thought to have been intact about 100 B.C. since no mention of its absence was recorded by the historian Diodorus Siculus.
    [14:25] – The capstone of the pyramid is thought to have always been absent. {conflicts with [4:10]}
    [4:22] – The capstone is thought to have been an exact replica of the large pyramid on a scale of 1 to sqrt(Pi)/100. The ratio of any corresponding pyramid dimension over the capstone dimension, when multiplied by the square root of Pi equals 100.
    [4:11] – The estimated height of the capstone is about 103.03+ pyramid inches and about 6-1/2 cubits on a side.
    [14:62] – The height of the pyramid to the missing apex formed by extending the sides is 5813 PI.
    [4:7] – The perfect formula height of the pyramid including the missing apex is 5813.2355653763+ PI, calculated from perimeter of base (sidereal socket level) divided by 2 Pi.
    [11:151] – The height to the missing apex is 5812.98 PI.
    [14:63] – The height of the pyramid without the capstone is 5496 PI. {conflicts with [4:9]}
    [14:28] – The four faces of the pyramid are slightly concave, the only pyramid to have been built this way.
    [18:65] – The centers of the four sides are indented with an extraordinary degree of precision forming the only 8 sided pyramid. The effect is not visible from the ground or from a distance but only from the air, and then only under the proper lighting conditions.
    [18:310] – The 5 angles of the Great Pyramid are: edge to edge of face at apex = 76:17:13.2 (deg,min,sec), edge to diagonal edge at apex = 96:3:0.0, dihedral or face to face parallel to base = 112:25:39.4, edge to base = 41:59:50.5, face to base = 51:51:14.3. The face to base angle is the angle of the casing stones.
    [11:161] – The Great Pyramid is the only pyramid to have chambers above ground level. {not true, for example Bent Pyramid of Sneferu (Khufu’s father), Red pyramid at Dashur}
    [18:310] – The volume of the pyramid is: V = 1/3 base area x height = 161,559,817,000 cubic PI = 10,339,828.3 cubic pyramid cubits. {(5813.2355653 PI)/3 * 9131 PI * 9131 PI}
    [0:1] – The length of the Great Pyramid’s corner edges are 8688.00 PI.
    [0:2] – The slant face height of the Great Pyramid’s sides are 7391.72 PI.
    [0:3] – The area of the base covers 13.3 acres or 83,375,161 sq. PI.
    [0:4] – The area of each face covers 10.8 acres or 67,493,782 sq PI.
    [14:46] – The angle of the Descending Passage is 26 deg, 18 min, 9.5 sec or about 26.30 degrees.
    [11:151] – The passages are straight to within 0.013 in. per 100 ft.
    [4:162] – The dimensions of the Descending Passage are 4535 PI in length, 41.524 PI in width, and 36.197 PI in height. [4:197]
    [4:97] – The length of the Ascending passage from the junction of the Descending Passage to the Grand Gallery is 1543.46451 PI.
    [4:96] – The length of the Grand Gallery is 1881.5985600+ PI, and its width just above the ramp stones is 82.41 PI.
    [11:165] – Grand Gallery is 28 feet high by 1881-1/3 PI long.
    [4:97] – The length of the horizontal passage to the Queen’s Chamber is 1521.31136 PI.
    [102:12] – The name “Queen’s Chamber” is considered a misnomer by Egyptologists since no queens have ever been found in pharaoh’s pyramids.
    [4:94] – The volume of the Queen’s Chamber is 9,963,200 cubic PI.
    [70:140] – Dimensions of the King’s Chamer in PI: 412.132 x x 230.243 H
    [14:39] – Dimensions of the King’s Chamber in PI: 413 L x 206 W x 228 H {conflicts with [36:266]}
    [4:266] – Height of King’s Chamber is 230.388 PI.
    [70:119] – The lowest course of blocks in the King’s Chamber appears 5 PI shorter than the rest because the floor is raised above the base of the walls. The height of the walls is then 235.243 PI.
    [4:12] – There are 100 blocks making up the walls of the King’s Chamber in 5 courses.
    [4:221] – Antechamber to King’s Chamber: 116.26471 PI length (103.03292 PI is granite), 149.44644 PI high
    [4:255] – Coffer measurements: volume = 71250 cubic PI, interior length = 77.8141353+ PI, interior width = 26.6836336+ PI, interior depth = 34.3147946+ PI, exterior length (at top) = 89.94438003 PI, exterior length (at bottom) 89.6578860PI, exterior width = 38.67063162 PI, exterior height = 41.21316892, side and end thickness = 5.99349900 PI, bottom thickness = 6.89837429 PI.
    [39:68] – The granite coffer in the King’s Chamber is too big to fit through the passages and so it must have been put in place during construction.
    [11:159] – Microscopic analysis of the coffer reveals that it was made with a fixed point drill that used hard jewel bits and a drilling force of 2 tons.
    [70:111] – The coffer was sawed out of a block of solid granite. This would have required bronze saws 8-9 ft. long set with teeth of sapphires. Hollowing out of the interior would require tubular drills of the same material applied with a tremendous vertical force.
    [18:110] – Although the walls of the Queen’s Chamber are of finished stone, the floor is rough and unfinished. Many believe the room to have been abandoned as the intended pharaoh’s burial room as the King’s Chamber was completed. The horizontal passage to the Queen’s Chamber still bears faint red ocher construction lines along its entire 150 foot length. The horizontal passage is also rough and unfinished.
    [18:110] – The Queen’s Chamber has a gabled roof and the King’s Chamber a flat roof. It was long a custom for Arabs to bury their women in rooms with gabled roofs but to bury men in rooms with flat ceilings.
    [42:65] – The casing stones for the Great Pyramid were cut in quarries from Tura and Masara located on the east bank of the Nile on outskirts of Cairo.
    [18:72] – The Great Pyramid had a swivel door entrance at one time. Swivel doors were found in only two other pyramids: Khufu’s father and grandfather, Sneferu and Huni, respectively.
    [11:157] – It is reported that when the pyramid was first broken into that the swivel door, weighing some 20 tons, was so well balanced that it could be opened by pushing out from the inside with only minimal force, but when closed, was so perfect a fit that it could scarcely be detected and there was not enough crack or crevice around the edges to gain a grasp from the outside.
    [102:9] – The original entrance was located on the north face, about 49 feet above the base and 24 feet east of the central axis of the north face.
    [18:82] – The Grand Gallery contains two grooves, one in the east wall and one in the west wall. They are 7 inches high, 1 inch deep, and 5 inches up from the 3rd overlapping corbel. They run the entire length of the gallery.
    [68:45] – Of all the pyramids, only the Great Pyramid has “air shafts”. The King’s Chamber has 2, about 5 inches in diameter which connect to the exterior. The Queen’s Chamber has 2 which stopped just short of the walls of the chamber and which do not penetrate completely to the exterior. The cross section of these shafts are sometimes oval, sometimes domed, and sometimes rectangular.
    [14:58] – There are no hieroglyphics or writings in the Great Pyramid. The only symbols are some graphics on the wall of the Room of Chaos.
    [102:154] – Each of the ceiling stones in the Grand Gallery were individually removable. The Great Pyramid could have functioned as a stellar observatory during its construction.
    [70:302] – There are 36 ceiling stones in the roof of the Grand Gallery.
    [4:258] – Taking average earth density as 1.0, the average density of the core limestone blocks is 0.412, the limestone casing blocks is 0.367, the granite of the King’s Chamber is 0.479.
    [4:258] – The estimate for the average density of the pyramid as a whole, taking into account the different type and quantities of stone as well as the hollow chambers is 0.4078994+ times that of the average earth density (taken as 1.0).


    SECRET ROOMS

    [68:173] – Sixty-five meters up the southern shaft of the Queen’s Chamber is a miniature portcullis slab discovered by a robotic camera in 1993. Attached are two copper fittings, one broken. This area of the shaft is lined with Tura limestone, which is typically used in pyramids only for lining chambers.
    [18:103] – In the King’s Chamber all of the stone joints are very tight except in the lower left-hand corner of the west wall. Here the joints are larger than normal and covered by mortar. This is a strong indication of an opening to another chamber or passage. The Egyptian government has refused requests for further exploration.
    [18:104] – In 1986 a French team using microgravimeter equipment detected small hidden cavities behind the west wall of the horizontal passage to the Queen’s Chamber. They were permitted to bore a 1″ diameter hole and found a cavity filled with sand. They were not permitted to dig or tunnel for further investigation.
    [18:105] – The cavities in the horizontal passage to the Queen’s Chamber correspond to two floor stones in this passageway with joints perpendicular to the rest of the joints in the floor stones. This type of indicator can also be found at the junction of the descending and ascending passageways.
    [18:276] – About 70 feet along the north side of the Great Pyramid from the northeast corner is a 4×10 ft stone sunk into the foundation at an angle. The joints are very precise and this is the only stone in the foundation perimeter not at a right angle to normal construction. It would have been covered by the mantle but is now accessible since the mantle is gone. It is very likely an entrance. No further investigation has been done.
    [14:72] – It has long been believed that the Sphinx had subterranean tunnels leading to each of the three major pyramids. In October, 1994, a passage leading to a subterranean area beneath the Sphinx was re-discovered. Further investigation is expected in February of 1995.
    [88:101] – In 1987 a Japenese team used an electromagnetic wave method to search for cavities in the Great Pyramid. They identified a cavity under the horizontal passage to the Queen’s Chamber about 1.5 meters beneath and extending for 2.5-3.0 meters in depth. They also identified a cavity behind the wester part of the northern wall of the Queen’s Chamber. They identified no cavities within the King’s chamber, possibly due to the denser granite walls. Three potential cavities were identified in the area of the Sphinx.


    GEOMETRIC RELATIONS

    [14:57] – The information symbolized within the Great Pyramid is repeated multiple times.
    [14:13] – The ratio of the diagonal of the pyramid’s base to it’s height = 9:10
    [14:14] – The slope of the angle of the pyramid’s corners are in the ratio of 9:10
    [14:16] – The length of the Antechamber to the King’s Chamber = 1/50th the height of the pyramid.
    [14:24] – Value of Pi: The perimeter of the base divided by twice the height = Pi to 5 decimal places {9131*4/5813*2 = 3.141579+}
    [18:126] – The relationship of Pi between the circumference and diameter of a circle was thought to have been first reported in 300 B.C. by the Greek mathematician Archimedes.
    [70:140] – Value of Pi: The perimeter of the north or south wall of the King’s Chamber divided by the length of the wall = Pi {(230.38+5.0+412.12)*2 / 412.12 = 3.14}
    [18:126] – Value of Phi: – The ratio of the apothem (face slant height) to half a base side = Phi (1.618). Phi is another transcendental number like Pi which has no exact value (approximate value = 1.6181818…). The unique properties of Phi are that phi +1 = phi squared and also 1 + 1/phi = phi. The Phi ratio is the basis for the Fibonacci sequence 1,1,2,3,5,8,13.,21,34… which was not generally publicized until 1200 A.D.
    [18:194] – There is evidence that the Egyptians had worked out a relationship between Pi and Phi of: Pi = 6/5ths of (Phi)**2.
    [18:126] – If the height of the pyramid is taken as the radius of a circle, then the circumference of this circle is the same as the perimeter of the base. This provided the complimentary squaring of a circle and circling of a square. The key to this relationship is knowledge of the value of Pi and designing the angle of the pyramid to be exactly 51 degrees, 51 minutes, and 14.3 seconds.
    [14:18] – The length of the King’s Chamber in pyramid inches used as the diameter of a circle produces a circle with area equal to the area of the base of the pyramid if that area is expressed in sacred cubits.
    [18:102] – The Pythagorean relationship represented by a 3-4-5 right triangle is displayed in the dimensions of the King’s Chamber. The east wall diagonal is 309″, the length is 412″, and the long central diagonal is 515″. However, the Pythagorean relation was not identified until 497 B.C.
    [18:102] – In the King’s Chamber, the stone over the entrance is the only stone in the walls that is two courses high. It represents a 3-4-5 Pythagorean relationship by its measure of 124″L x 93″H x 155″ diagonal.
    [4:263] – The coffer’s mean length is the same as the width of the King’s Chamber minus the length of the antechamber.
    [4:265] – The external height of the coffer is 1/10th the length of the King’s Chamber.
    [4:266] – The top of the coffer has an inset to hold the lid. The inset forms a rectangle of 80.949+ PI by 34.244+ PI. The perimeter of this rectangle is the same as the height of the King’s Chamber {230.388 PI}.
    [70:109] – The coffer’s interior volume is 1/2 of it’s exterior volume.


    GEOPHYSICAL AND ASTRONOMICAL RELATIONS [11:151] – The information encoded into the Great Pyramid is repeated multiple times.
    [11:143] – With the mantle in place, the Great Pyramid could be seen from the mountains in Israel and probably the moon as well. It’s polished surfaces would have reflected light like a beacon.
    [14:59] – Mean Earth Temperature: The average temperature of Egypt equals the average temperature of earth = avg. temperature of Queen’s Chamber = 68 degrees Fahrenheit.
    [102:122] – With the original surrounding courtyards and temples in place, the pyramid was used as a sundial.
    [14:9] – The pyramid was used to indicate solstices and equinoxes.
    [4:114] – The pyramid is located at 29 degrees, 58 minutes, 51.06 seconds north latitude, and 31 degrees, 9 minutes, and 0.0 seconds east longitude.
    [4:111] – Marks Spring Equinox: Due to the angle of the sides of the pyramid vs. it’s latitude, it casts no shadow at noon during the spring equinox.
    [14:72] – Aligned True North: The Great Pyramid is the most accurately aligned structure in existence and faces true north with only 3/60th of a degree of error. The position of the North Pole moves over time and the pyramid was probably exactly aligned at one time.
    [14:71] – Center of Land Mass: The Great Pyramid is located at the center of the land mass of the earth. The east/west parallel that crosses the most land and the north/south meridian that crosses the most land intersect in two places on the earth, one in the ocean and the other at the Great Pyramid.
    [4:5] – Tropical Year or Calendar Year: The length of a base side is 9131 pyramid inches measured at the mean socket level, or 365.24 pyramid cubits, which is the number of days in a year. {9131/25 = 365.24, accurate to 5 digits}
    [14:3] – Tropical Year: – The perimeter of the base divided by 100 = 365.24, the number of days in a year. {9131 PI * 4 / 100, accurate to 5 digits}
    [14:17] – Tropical Year: The length of the Antechamber used as the diameter of a circle produces a circumference of 365.242. {accurate to 6 digits}
    [4:251] – Tropical Year: – The length of the granite portion of the floor of the antechamber to the King’s Chamber times 2*sqrt(Pi) = 365.242
    [4:96] – Tropical Year: The ratio of the lengths of the Grand Gallery to the solid diagonal of the King’s Chamber times 100 equals the number of days in a tropical year. {(1881.5985600 / 51.516461) * 100 = 365.242200, accurate to 8 digits}
    [4:222] Sidereal Year: – The length of the antechamber of the King’s Chamber times Pi = length of a sidereal year { 116.26471 PI * 3.14159 = 365.25636 days, accurate to 8 digits}
    [4:5] – Sidereal Year: The length of a base side at sidereal socket level is 365.256+ pyramid cubits. {accurate to 6 digits}
    [4:94] – Synodical Month: The “unit dimension” for the Queen’s Chamber is 92.173077+ PI. The number of days in the moon’s synodical month can be found from: 10 * U.D. = 10 * Pi * SM – 6, where SM is the days and 6 represents “man’s” number. {921.73077 = 10*3.14159*SM – 6, SM = 29.5305882 days = 29days, 12hrs, 44min, 2.76 sec, accurate to 9 digits}
    [4:97] – Synodical Month: Ten times the ratio of the lengths of the Grand Gallery to the Horizontal Passage equals the ratio of a tropical year to a synodical month. {10 * (1881.5985600 / 1521.31136) = 1.236826733; 365.2422 / 29.5305882= 1.236826702, the same to 8 digits}
    [4:97] – Synodical Month: – The ratio of the lengths of the Grand Gallery to the Ascending Passage is 1/10th the ratio of the day’s in the Bible’s prophetic year (360) to the days in the moon’s synodical month. {1881.5985600 / 1543.46451 = 0.1 * (360/SM), SM = 29.53059357+, accurate to 8 digits}
    [14:11] – Mean Distance to the Sun: ] The height of the pyramid times 10**9 = avg. distance to sun. {5813.2355653 * 10**9 * (1 mi / 63291.58 PI) = 91,848,500 mi}
    [14:12] – Mean Distance to the Sun: ] Half of the length of the diagonal of the base times 10**6 = average distance to the sun
    [4:7] – Mean Distance to Sun: The height of the pyramid times 10**9 represents the mean radius of the earth’s orbit around the sun, or Astronomical Unit. { 5813.235565376 pyramid inches x 10**9 = 91,848,816.9 miles}
    [4:106] – Mean Distance to Moon: ] The length of the Jubilee passage times 7 times 10**7 is the mean distance to the moon. {215.973053 PI * 7 * 10**7 = 1.5118e10 PI = 238,865 miles }
    [4:267] – Sun’s Radius: Twice the perimeter of the bottom of the granite coffer times 10**8 is the sun’s mean radius. { 270.45378502 PI* 10**8 = 427,316 miles}
    [14:19] – Earth’s Polar Radius: The sacred cubit times 10**7 = polar radius of the earth (distance from North Pole to earth’s center) {25 PI * 10**7 * (1.001081 in / 1 PI) * (1 ft / 12 in) * (1 mi/ 5280 ft) = 3950 miles }
    [11:153] Radius of the Earth: The curvature designed into the faces of the pyramid exactly matches the radius of the earth.
    [14:21] – Precession of the Equinoxes: ] The sum of the pyramid’s two base diagonals in PI = length of the Precession of the Equinoxes (~25827 years)
    [14:22] – Precession of the Equinoxes: ] The distance from the ceiling of the King’s Chamber to the apex of the pyramid = 4110.5 PI. Which is the radius of a circle whose circumference = the precession of the equinoxes. {4110.5 * 2 * Pi = 25827}
    [102:113] – Precession of the Equinoxes: ] The perimeter of the 35th course of blocks, which is much thicker than any of the other courses, gives a figure for the precession of the equinoxes.
    [14:23] – Speed of Earth around the Sun: – The pyramid inch times 10**8 = the speed of the earth around the sun, circa 2600 B.C.
    [14:27] Mass of the Earth: The weight of the pyramid is estimated at 5,955,000 tons. Multiplied by 10**8 gives a reasonable estimate of the earth’s mass.
    [11:153] Average Land Height: The average height of land above sea level for the earth is 5449 inches. This is also the height of the pyramid.
    [14:47] – The pyramid suggests a temperature system: 0 = freezing point of water, 50 = unvarying temp of Queen’s Chamber, 250 = boiling point of water. Given this, then 1000 = temp of red hot iron, 4000 = temp that iron liquifies, and 5000 = temp of white heat and temp that platinum fuses. Nice round numbers.
    [39:45] – 5 cubic pyramid inches of earth of average density has the same mass as 1/(50×50) of the coffer’s volume of water at a temperature that is 1/5th the difference between freezing and boiling.
    [39:90] – On midnight of the autumnal equinox in the year of the Great Pyramid’s completion, a line extending from the apex pointed to the star Alcyone. Our solar system is thought by some to revolve around this star along with other solar systems much like the planets revolve around our sun.
    [14:48] – A line drawn on a map from the apex of the pyramid to Bethlehem = angle of the Ascending Passage and crosses the Red Sea at the most likely point that the Israelites crossed when departing Egypt (Parting of the Red Sea).
    [14:49] – A line drawn on a map south from the apex of the pyramid at the angle of the Ascending Passage crosses Mount Sinai (Ten Commandments).
    [14:66] – North Star Pointer: The Descending Passage pointed to the pole star Alpha Draconis, circa 2170-2144 B.C. This was the North Star at that point in time. No other star has aligned with the passage since then.
    [11:159] – The 344 ft. length of the Descending Passage provides an angle of view of only +/- 1/3 of a degree. Alpha Draconis has not been in alignment for thousands of years. The next alignment will be with the North Star, Polaris, in about 2004 A.D. Polaris in Greek means “Satan”.
    [68:172] – The southern shaft in the King’s Chamber (45 deg, 00 min, 00 sec) pointed to the star Al Nitak (Zeta Orionis) in the constellation Orion, circa 2450 B.C. The Orion constellation was associated with the Egyptian god Osiris. No other star aligned with this shaft during that Epoch.
    [68:172] – The northern shaft in the King’s Chamber (32 deg, 28 min, 00 sec) pointed to the star Alpha Draconis, circa 2450 B.C.
    [68:172] – The southern shaft in the Queen’s Chamber (39 deg, 30 min, 00 sec) pointed to the star Sirius, circa 2450 B.C. Sirius was associated with the Egyptian goddess Isis and is also part of a unique ceremony practiced by the African Dogon tribe.
    [68:172] – The northern shaft in the Queen’s Chamber (39 deg, 00 min, 00 sec) pointed to the star Ursa Minor, circa 2450 B.C.
    [68:124] – Pyramids mirror Orion Constellation: The pyramid positions on the ground are a reflection of the positions of the stars in the constellation Orion circa 10,400 B.C. Five of the 7 brightest stars have pyramid equivalents: The 3 great pyramids of Khufu, Khafra, and Menkaura for the belt of Orion, the pyramid of Nebka at Abu Rawash corresponds to the star Saiph, the pyramid at Zawat al Aryan corresponds to the star Bellatrix. The only two missing star positions are for Betelgeuse and Rigel.
    [4:17] – The Light Equation: The height of the Great Pyramid, minus the height of the capstone represents one millionth the time it takes light to travel the mean radius of the earth’s orbit around the sun (1 astronomical unit) using 1 pyramid inch equals 24 hours (mean solar day). { (5813.2355653 – 103.0369176) / 10**6 = .0057101986+ days = 493.36116 seconds = 8 minutes, 13.36 seconds }
    [14:45] – Pyramid as a crystal: If the pyramid were a clear crystal or glass prism, it would reflect sunlight at an angle of about 26.5 degrees. {the descending passing has an angle of about 26.30 degrees}
    [4:19] – The Velocity of Light: With distance of one A.U. known and the transit time of light for this same distance the velocity of light can be found. { 91,848,816.9 miles / 493.36+ seconds = 186,169.5 miles/sec }
    [4:26] – The Constant of Aberration of Light: – The telescope adjustment due to the speed of the earth as it moves through space when viewing stars. It is measured as an angle of tilt and is 20.2608+ seconds of arc. The difference in width between the upper Grand Gallery and Ascending Passage as measured from an axial line through the center is 20.26 pyramid inches.
    [4:30] – The Sun’s Parallax: The size of the earth as viewed from the Sun and expressed as an angle and generally taken to be 1/2 the diameter at the equator (Solar Equatorial Parallax) is 8.9008091 seconds of arc using 91,848,817 miles as the mean distance to the sun and 3963.4914 miles as the equatorial radius. The distance between the mean socket level and the height of the leveled bedrock is 8.9008 PI.
    [4:258] – Earth’s Volume: The product of the pyramid’s volume and density times 10**15 equals the ratio of volume to density of the earth. {10,339,823.3 cubic cubits * 0.4078994 * 10**15 = 4.21760772 x 10**21 cubic cubits = 259.93 x 10**9 cubic miles}
    [4:266] – Earth’s Mass: Mass of the pyramid = volume * density = 10,339,823.3 cubic cubits * 0.4078994 earth density = 4,217,497. The mass converted to pyramid tons = 4217607.72 * 1.25 = 5,272,010 pyramid tons. Since the mean density of the earth was defined as 1.0, then the mass of the earth is 10**15 times the mass in pyramid tons = 5.272 x 10*21 pyramid tons = 5.99 x 10**24 kg
    [4:275] – Gaussian Constant of Gravitation (k): The reciprocal of the distance between the Coffer and the north or south wall of the King’s Chamber, minus one ten-billionth the bottom perimeter of the Coffer.

    {(1/58.13235 PI) – ((89.6578860+38.67063162 PI)*2 / 10**10) = 0.017202100 radians = 3 degrees, 5 minutes, 46.96 seconds of arc}

    NUMERICAL RELATIONS [39:46] – The word “pyramid” is from the Coptic “pyr” meaning division, and “met”, meaning ten, “the division of ten”.
    [14:29] – The difference between the distance of a straight line from corner to corner of the base and the curved line of the concave face is 286.1022, the Displacement Factor (DF)
    [14:30] – The ceiling of the Grand Gallery is 286.1 PI higher than the ceiling of the Ascending Passage.
    [14:31] – The perimeter of the base formed by the platform of the missing capstone = 2861 PI
    [14:32] – The center axis of the Great Step is located 35.76 PI east of the vertical axis of the pyramid. 35.76 *8 = 286.08
    [14:33] – The square base has a small depression halfway along each side of 35.76 PI deep. 35.76 * 8 = 286.08

    SEVENTEEN and 153
    [14:50] – The first four digits of DF (286.1022) add up to 17, the number of steps up to the entrance of the pyramid.
    [14:51] – The sum of the digits from 1 to 17 = 153, a number which appears multiple times in the pyramid.
    [14:52] – Jesus’s public ministry lasted 918 days. (153 * 6)
    [14:53] – The number of fish caught by Jesus’s disciples was 153. {John 21}
    [14:54] – The Grand Gallery is 153 feet long.
    [14:55] – If the 17 steps up to the entrance were continued to the peak there would be 153 steps.
    [14:56] – The center seam of the floor in the King’s Chamber corresponds to March 4-5, 1945. The bombing of Hiroshima occurred 153 days later.

    FIVES
    [39:45] – There are 5 sides to a pyramid and 5 corners.
    [39:45] – There are 5×5 pyramid inches in a cubit.
    [39:45] – The floor of the Queen’s Chamber is on the 25th (5×5) course of blocks.
    [39:45] – The floor of the King’s Chamber is 5×5 courses higher than the Queen’s Chamber.
    [39:45] – The niche in the wall of the Queen’s Chamber is 5×3 ft. high, it is corbelled with 5 stories, the top is 5×5 inches across, and the inner edge is 5×5 inches from the perpendicular center of the wall containing the niche.
    [39:45] – The King’s Chamber has 5 courses of stone in each of it’s 4 walls, and a total of 5x5x4 total stones in it’s walls.
    [39:45] – The King’s Chamber has 5 chambers above it.
    [39:45] – The coffer in the King’s Chamber has 5 solid sides.
    [39:45] – The King’s Chamber is 5×10 times the volume of the coffer.
    [39:45] – 5 cubic pyramid inches of earth of average density has the same mass as 1/(50×50) of the coffer’s volume of water at a temperature that is 1/5th the difference between freezing and boiling.
    [39:45] – The coffer’s interior volume is 50*50*50 cubic pyramid inches times 5.7, divided by 10. (5.7 is mean earth density)

    SEVENS
    The number 7 figures prominently in the Book of Revelation.
    [39:88] – The height of the Grand Gallery is 7 times the average height of the other passages.
    [39:88] – The Grand Gallery has 7 overlapping courses forming its sides.
    [39:88] – The Jubilee passage is 1/7th the length of the horizontal passage to the Queen’s Chamber.
    [39:88] – The Queen’s Chamber is a 7 sided room (gable roof is 2 sides)
    [39:88] – The volume of the peaked area of the Queen’s Chamber above the walls is 1/7th the volume of the rest of the chamber from the floor to a level equal to the ceiling of the passageway which enters the chamber.
    SIMPSON PROPORTIONS OF KING’s CHAMBER
    [4:12] – If we use a “unit dimension” for the King’s Chamber of 103.03 PI, which is the length of the granite portion of the floor in the Antechamber to the King’s Chamber measured north to south and also the theoretical height of the missing capstone, then the dimensions of the King’s Chamber exhibit some interesting relationships:


    measure

    whose square is

    width

    UD * 2

    4

    height

    UD * 223607

    5

    length

    UD * 4

    16

    end diagnonal

    UD * 3

    9

    floor diagonal

    UD * 4.472

    20

    side diagonal

    UD * 4.583

    21

    solid diagnonal

    UD * 5

    25

    sum of squares

     

    100


    [70:184] – The square of UD = the area of the four external sides of the coffer.
    [70:184] – One third of UD = the depth of the coffer.
    [70:184] – The square of UD divided by 2 Pi = the height of the coffer squared.

    [4:92] – If we use a “unit dimension” for the Queen’s Chamber of 92.173077+ PI, then the dimensions of the Queen’s Chamber exhibit some interesting relationships:
    height = UD * 2 whose square is: 4
    width = UD * 2.2360679+ whose square is: 5
    length = UD * 2.4494897+ whose square is: 6
    end diagonal = UD * 3 whose square is: 9
    floor diagonal = UD * 3.1622776+ whose square is: 10
    side diagonal = UD * 3.3166247 whose square is: 11
    solid diagonal = UD * 3.8729833+ whose square is: 15
    —————————————–
    sum of squares of all 7 dimensions = 60
    gable height = UD * 2.6457513+ whose square is: 7
    PROPHECIES [11:161] – When years are substituted for inches, the passages of the Great Pyramid become a prophetic calendar.
    [11:161] – The start of the Great Pyramid’s construction was 2623 B.C.
    [11:160] – The only markings in the pyramid are in the Descending Passage at 482 PI inches from the pyramid face. This represents the last year the Pole Star was aligned with the passage, 2141 B.C.
    [83:225] – The start of the construction of the Great Pyramid is recorded at 2523 B.C. via a scribed mark on the wall of the descending passage perpendicular to the floor of the passage. All other stone joints in the passage are vertical to the horizon.
    [39:85] – The start of the construction of the Great Pyramid is recorded at circa 2170 B.C. via a scribed mark on the wall of the descending passage.
    [11:160] – 1170 PI (years) from the construction start date to the point where the Ascending Passage meets the Descending Passage.
    [11:161] – 1485 PI (years) from junction of Ascending/Descending passage to start of the Grand Gallery.
    [11:165] – 1881-1/3 PI (years) in length of Grand Gallery.
    [14:43] – The ancient Hebrews used units of measure that were the same length as the pyramid inch and sacred cubit.
    [14:35] – Red Granite appears in the pyramid apparently to mark special events in conjunction with prophetic events related to the Jews.
    [11:159] – The red granite is fairly rare and identical with that of Mt. Horeb, the mountain on which Moses is said to have received the Ten Commandments. {wasn’t this Mt. Sinai?}
    [14:36] – The empty coffer in the King’s Chamber is made of red granite.
    [4:251] – A portion of the floor in the Antechamber to the King’s Chamber is red granite and corresponds to the “unit dimension” of the King’s Chamber.
    [14:64] – A red granite stone, triangular in shape, appears on a false door at the intersection of the Ascending and Descending passages. This corresponds to the prophecy year of circa 1486 B.C. (Hebrews depart Egypt under Moses)
    [14:37] – The cubic capacity of the coffer = same as Ark of Covenant made by Moses {Exodus 25}
    [70:272] – The Ark of the Covenant was 2.5 x 1.5 x 1.5 Sacred Cubits. Guessing the thickness of the sides as 1.8 PI gives a volume of 71,282 cubit pyramid inches vs. the volume of the coffer of 71250 cubic pyramid inches.
    [14:20] – The pyramid inch and sacred cubit are found as raised images on a red granite plaque at the entrance to the Antechamber of King’s room.
    [14:34] – The length of the diagonals of the floor of the Antechamber are 666 PI. {Revelation 13, mark of the Beast}
    [14:76] – There were 144,000 casing stones {Revelation 7, servants of God given seals during the apocalypse}
    [83:225] – Birth of Adam, 4128.25 B.C.
    [11:161] – Exodus of Israelites from Egypt, 1453 B.C. {junction of Ascending & Descending passages}
    [83:226] – Birth of Jesus, Sept. 29, 2 B.C. {intersection of Queen’s Chamber floor level with Ascending Passage}
    [4:160] – Birth of Jesus, about autumnal equinox, 2 B.C.
    [83:226] – Baptism of Jesus, Oct. 14, 29 A.D.
    [36,161] – Baptism of Jesus, Oct. 5, 29 A.D.
    [83:226] – Crucifixion of Jesus, April 3, 33 A.D. {beginning of Grand Gallery}
    [11:161] – Start of WWI, 1914 A.D. {end of Grand Gallery}


    MISCELLANEOUS [14:10] – The pyramid is the only remaining structure of the 7 wonders of the ancient world.
    [14:5] – The polished surfaces of the original mantle reflected heat, sunlight, and moonlight and was probably used as to aid Nile river navigation at night.
    [83:87] – No mummy has ever been found in a pyramid in Egypt. Mummies have always come from mastabas or tombs in the Valley of the Kings.
    [18:23] – The word “pharaoh” is from the Hebrew interpretation of the Egyptian “per aa”, originally meaning “the great house”.
    [11:167] – The word “pyramid” is composed of the Greek words “pyra” meaning fire, light, or visible, and the word “midos” meaning measures.
    [83:90] – Between 1300-1700 A.D. mummy flesh was ground into powder and used in Europe as medicinal aids.
    [83:91] – Mummy powder has also been used for artist paints.
    [83:91] – Mummy wrappings were at one time used to make paper and burned in fireplaces by poor Egyptians.
    [14:68] – The pyramids of Giza are among the oldest man-made structures in existence.
    [68:13] – Egypt was conquered by Alexander the Great in 332 B.C.
    [68:15] – The Greek (Egyptian) names of the pharaohs who ruled during the construction of the 3 great pyramids are: Cheops (Khufu), Chephren (Khafra), Mycerinos (Menkaura).
    [68:13] Cleopatra was the last pharaonic ruler of Egypt before it fell to Rome in 30 B.C.
    [11:157] – The first recorded forced entry into the Great Pyramid was by the Arab Abdullah Al Manun, caliph of Baghdad, in 820 A.D.
    [102:63] – Initially, after the 5 chambers above the King’s Chamber were opened, those that entered the 2nd chamber were turned black by a powder which existed only in that chamber. It was analyzed and determined to be the dust from the cast off shells and skins of insects.
    [18:17] – Most pyramids were accompanied by smaller satellite pyramids usually built to the south and east of the main pyramid. Some were tombs for queen’s and princesses. Most of the structures were mastabas built to entomb the pharaoh’s family, members of royalty, and the priestly class.
    [18:271] – In nearly all of the pyramids and tombs, it was a general practice that the burial chamber was oriented slightly west of the north/south center line of the pyramid.
    [14:41] – In ancient Egypt, Pharaoh’s wives were never buried with them in pyramids or tombs, they were buried separately.
    REFERENCE CONSTANTS from: McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Astronomy, 1982, ISBN 0-07-045251-2
    Aberration of Light = 20.496 seconds of arc
    Average Days in Calendar Year = 365.2425 days (400 year leap-year cycle)
    Light Year = 5.879 x 10**12 mi
    Mass of the Earth = 5.975 x 10**24 kg = 6.586 x 10**21 tons
    Mean Distance from Sun = 149,597,870,000 meters = 92,937,200 mi.
    Mean Distance to Moon = 238,247 mi
    Mean Earth Velocity = 66,600 mi/hr
    Mean Earth Density = 5.53 g / cu. cm = 90.620464 grams / cu. inch
    Mean Earth Equatorial Radius = 6378.160 km = 3969.96 miles
    Mean Earth Polar Radius = 6356.775 km = 3956.65 miles
    Mean Sun Radius = 6.960 +/- .001 x 10**5 km = 432,470 mi.
    Moon Synodical Month = 29.5305882 days
    Precession of Equinox = 25,800 years (approx)
    Sidereal Year = 365.25636 days
    Tropical Year = 365.24220 days
    Velocity of Light = 186,291 mi/sec

    from: Science and Technology Desk Reference, 1993, Gale Carnegie Library
    Mean Circumference of Moon = 6790 mi
    Mean Circumference of Earth = 24902 miles at equator, 24860 miles at poles
    Mean Distance to Moon = 238,857 mi
    Mean Diameter of Moon = 2159 mi
    Mean Diameter of Earth = 7926 miles at equator
    Mean Distance from Sun = 92,955,900 mi
    Moon Sidereal Month = 27.32166 days
    Velocity of Light = 186,282 mi/sec
    from: Physics, 1966, D. Halliday & R. Resnick, ISBN 0-471-34524-5
    Mean Radius of Earth = 6.37 x 10**6 m = 3960 miles
    Mass of earth = 5.98 x 10**24 kg
    Density of water (@ 20 deg. Celsius) = 1.00 x 10**3 kg/ cu. meter
    Pi = 3.14159 26535 89793 23846+

    Derived Values from Reference Constants:
    Mean Earth Radius = (3969.96 + 3956.65) / 2 = 3963.305 miles
    Earth Surface Area = 4 * Pi * (3963.305 mi)**2 = 197,389,867 sq. mi.
    Earth Volume = 4/3 * Pi * (3963.305 mi)**3 = 260.772 x 10**9 cubic miles.
    REFERENCE SOURCES: [0:] – Derived by editor from numbers and standard geometric formulas presented elsewhere in this text.
    [4:] – The Authorship and Message of the Great Pyramid, 1953, Julian T. Gray, E. Steinmann & Co., OH
    [5:] – Back in Time 3104 B.C. to the Great Pyramid, 1990, S. G. Taseos, ISBN 0-9626053-0-1
    [11:] – The Delicate Balance, 1989, John Zajac, ISBN 0-910311-57-9
    [14:] – Dramatic Prophecies of the Great Pyramid, 1974, Rodolfo Benavides, ISBN 0-914732-00-5
    [18:] – The Egyptian Pyramids: A Comprehensive & Illustrated Reference, 1990, J.P. Lepre, ISBN 0-89950-461-2
    [39:] – The Great Pyramid: A Miracle in Stone, 1973, Joseph A. Seiss, ISBN 0-06-067211-0
    [68:] – The Orion Mystery: Unlocking the Secrets of the Pyramids, 1994, R. Bauval & A. Gilbert, ISBN 0-517-59903-1
    [70:] – Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid, 1891, C. Piazzi Smyth, ISBN 0-89345-029-4
    [83:] – Pyramid Prophecies, 1988, Max Toth, ISBN 0-89281-203-6
    [88:] – The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh, 1885, W.M. Flinders Petrie, ISBN 1-85417-051-1
    [102:] – Secrets of the Great Pyramid, 1978, Peter Tompkins, ISBN 0-06-090631-6

    Compiled 1994,1995 by Tim G. Hunkler