This committee was formed in 1966 in the USA to study the UFO phenomenon for period of two years and then publish its results. Then Senator Gerald Ford gave government approval for this research. The leader of the team was Dr. Edward Uhler Condon. Research was conducted by a team of scientists at Colorado University.

The report published at the end of the two year project stated that UFO's were not worth further study and of little significance. Some members of the study did not agree with the published findings and it has been suggested that the government insisted on this version of the report. An Air Force panel reviewed the report and stated that "little if anything had come from the study of UFO's in the past twenty-one years that added to scientific knowledge" and went on to say "that no high priority in UFO investigation by data of past two decades." These statements are in response to the findings of the Condon Report. The objectivity of the project came into question as Condon made public statements about the lack of evidence for UFO's, and also stated that "there's nothing to it (UFO's), but I'm not supposed to come to a conclusion for another year."

The American Institute of Astronautics and Aeronautics stated that Condon report conclusions were not supported by the data contained within the report, and suggested a bias in the investigative approach.

In addition to the research group was a government group called the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. This unit was set up to act as an intermediary between the Air Force and the Colorado University project. The purpose of this unit was to avoid direct government contact with the research group.